Wolfe, Jeff and Dickinson, Joan Understanding Cross-Neurotype Communication: A Design Thinking Approach. 2026. Radford University, Thesis. Radford University Scholars' Repository.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore cross-neurotype communication and intersubjectivity that occurs using design thinking methods. Neurodiversity, which refers to natural differences in brain function, divides people into two categories: neurotypical (NT), who process information in culturally expected ways, and neurodivergent (ND), whose unique cognitive profiles often characterized by significant disparities in abilities affect their sensory and communicative experiences where neurodivergent individuals may excel in areas like verbal and visual skills but struggle with working memory and processing speed. These differences can complicate communication between the two neurotypes, leading to misunderstandings and frustrations. Additionally, cultural attitudes, listening skills, and communication tools exacerbate these challenges and emphasize the need for awareness of intersubjectivity, the process of creating shared understanding, which is especially crucial in cross-neurotype interactions. The research design employed qualitative methods in an ethnographic framework with two phases. The first research phase consisted of 12 interviews with individuals of both neurotypes. Persona profiles of the two neurotypes with a concentration on their perception of intersubjectivity were created by the student researcher based on the interview results and literature. The second phase builds upon the data from the first with interactive design thinking workshops with 12 members of both neurotypes using affinity clustering to organize topics followed by rose-thorn-bud to gain insight into how the neurotypes communicate in a team environment towards a mutual understanding. For the final task for the workshop, participants created an experience diagram of their journey through the workshop as a way to reflect on the experience. Findings from the interviews and workshops indicated that neurotypical and neurodivergent participants shared a common desire for clarity, connection, and being understood, but pursued these outcomes through fundamentally different cognitive and emotional pathways. Neurotypical participants tended to experience communication challenges as situational and temporary, using structure primarily to maintain efficiency and flow, while neurodivergent participants relied on structure as a means of cognitive stability, emotional safety, and sustained participation. Design thinking methods functioned as a shared translation layer, externalizing internal processes such as perception, effort, masking, and self-regulation that are typically invisible in everyday communication. Visual and reflective tools enabled participants to recognize these differences as complementary rather than conflicting, reframing communication breakdowns as system-level mismatches rather than individual deficits. The results suggest that when environments provide clarity, pacing, and psychological safety through intentional design, cross-neurotype communication becomes more equitable, authentic, and generative. These findings highlight the potential of design thinking as a practical framework for fostering intersubjectivity and leveraging cognitive diversity by aligning communication systems with the natural variability of human cognition.
| Item Type: | Thesis |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | N Fine Arts > NX Arts in general |
| Divisions: | Radford University > College of Visual and Performing Arts > Department of Design |
| Date Deposited: | 21 May 2026 00:25 |
| URI: | http://wagner.radford.edu/id/eprint/1335 |
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